Only items actually consulted should be listed.Įx. (See also 3.11.12, References to Print Journals, Discussants.) As with citation of an abstract of an article rather than citation of the original document (see 3.11.9, References to Print Journals, Abstracts and Other Material Taken From Another Source), citation of the original document is preferred unless it is not readily available.

In the text, the name of the original author, rather than the secondary source, should be mentioned. Distinguish between citation and quotation (ie, between work mentioned and words actually quoted). section 3.13.10 Secondary citations, states: Reference may be made to one author’s citation of, or quotation from, another’s work. Hammersmith et al 3 reported on the survey. Smith and Jones 2 reported on the questionnaire. For items with 3 or more authors, include the first author's surname and then 'et al' or 'and colleagues'.Įx. For items with one or two authors, include both names. Using author's names in-text: You may use author names in your text, as long as these mentions are accompanied by numbered citations. Order citations as they appear in your paper.

If a reference is used multiple times in one paper, use the same number throughout.Īt the end of the document, include a reference list with full citations to each item.

When more than 2 references are cited at a given place in the manuscript, use hyphens to join the first and last numbers of a closed series use commas without space to separate other parts of a multiple citation.

Some physicians choose to store prescription pads in locked cabinets 8 others keep them in their coats at all times.

Storing latex at high heat may cause degradation, 2,3-5,7 but it is difficult to keep materials cool in a desert environment. Immediately next to the fact, idea or quotation being cited.

If citing more than one reference at the same point, separate the numbers with commas and no spaces between. Where to place the superscript? The superscript number 1 is inserted into the document immediately next to the fact, concept, or quotation being cited. Use superscript arabic numerals to cite material, e.g., 1 The first reference used in a written document is listed as 1 in the reference list. References are numbered in consecutive order in the text, tables, or figures.

Umerical endnote citation format